Raw or technologically treated proteaginous seeds as alternatives to soybean meal for dairy cows: Comparative evaluation by meta-analysis of in situ and in vivo digestive parameters, nitrogen partition and dairy performance

The objectives of this study were to quantify the effects on nitrogen metabolism and dairy performance substituting soybean meal for proteaginous seeds or replacing raw with treated in cow diets. This was focused three seeds: faba bean, lupin pea. Two databases created, which gathered information vivo situ results, respectively. These then used analyze ruminal degradability, intestinal true digestibility, parameters, partitioning milk production composition. A total 32 36 articles analyzed from databases, Statistical analyses assessed substitution each measured calculated variable; t-tests applied compare difference between tested feed (i.e. seed, seed) control meal, respectively). contained less crude protein than (on average -199 g/kg DM, P < 0.001). use instead led higher degradability +16 g/100 g, 0.005), but treatment these a decrease (-13 g average) compared seeds. Replacing by pea iso-crude diets cows an increase NH3 fluid (+20 mg/L, 0.040) tended content. However, when those their values seeds, increase, fat content decreased. quantitative review has allowed some general trends be highlighted, despite limited amount available data variables (in particular pea). Moreover, are variable (use different processes, pressures temperatures) feeding practices diverse (e.g. maize silage grass as main forage, forage:concentrate ratio ranging 84:16 40:60), can dilute addition (added at up 30 dietary dry matter)